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This workshop has online and in class components and consists of a self-paced slide show, tasks for you to complete, as well as links and basic information below. The slides are available in Keynote and PDFs (PDFs are accessible for screen readers). These slides are plain and designed to download fast and simply provide you with information you need for this course.
You must complete any required tasks AND attend the in class workshop for credit. Make sure you identify yourself for your posts below.
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has published a revised ‘Framework for Research Ethics (FRE)’, which is available in full on the Web. This highlights six key principles of ethical research — principles that the ‘ESRC expects to be addressed whenever applicable — are:
1. Research should be designed, reviewed and undertaken to ensure integrity, quality and transparency. 2. Research staff and participants must normally be informed fully about the purpose, methods and intended possible uses of the research, what their participation in the research entails and what risks, if any, are involved. 3. The confidentiality of information supplied by research participants and the anonymity of respondents must be respected. 4. Research participants must take part voluntarily, free from any coercion. 5. Harm to research participants must be avoided in all instances. 6. The independence of research must be clear, and any conflicts of interest or partiality must be explicit.
In addition, the report highlights key procedural issues for implementing these principles:
• The responsibility for conduct of the research in line with relevant principles rests with the principal investigator and the research / employing organization. • The responsibility for ensuring that research is subject to appropriate ethics review, approval and monitoring lies with the research organization seeking or holding an award with the ESRC and which employs the researchers performing it, or some of the researchers when it is acting as the co-ordinator for collaborative research involving more than one organization. • Research organizations should have clear, transparent, appropriate and effective procedures in place for ethics review, approval and governance whenever it is necessary. • Risks should be minimized. • Research should be designed in a way that the dignity and autonomy of research participants is protected and respected at all times. • Ethics review should always be proportionate to the potential risk, whether this involves primary or secondary data. • Whilst the secondary use of some datasets may be relatively uncontroversial, and require only light touch ethics review, novel use of existing data and especially data linkage, as well as some uses of administrative and secure data will raise issues of ethics. • Research involving primary data collection will always raise issues of ethics that must be addressed.
Open-government advocate Clay Johnson cofounded Blue State Digital, a firm that engineered Barack Obama's 2008 online presidential campaign. But after years in Washington, D.C., Johnson, now 34, began to realize that, though he'd been working for years to make government data more accessible to regular citizens, those citizens were not always interested in going directly to the source.
In his new book "The Information Diet: A Case for Conscious Consumption" (O'Reilly Media, Inc.), Johnson says Americans' reliance on "overprocessed information" from cable news shows and websites run by big media companies is similar to our overindulgence in sweet, fat, unhealthy food. And, he writes, our poor information diets can affect the body politic just as negatively as consumption of too much sugar or junk food affects public health.
Johnson will have a book launch party at 6 p.m. Monday at Code for America, 155 Ninth St., San Francisco.
An interview with Johnson, below, has been edited for length and clarity.
Q What's unhealthy about our information consumption?
A The problem is, we are wired to seek out affirmation rather than to seek out information. Who on earth would want to hear the truth when they can hear they're right? You get all kind of endorphins when you hear you are right. Affirmation helped us create communities and survive as a tribe, but now to an extent it can start distorting the lens you use to view the world.
Q What's an example of a poor information diet? Clicking on too many Kim Kardashian stories?
A Yeah, or a liberal tuning into the Huffington Post all day long, or a conservative getting their entire news diet from Fox News. It's also being ignorant of the intent of the news.
Q Why is it bad to hew to information that we already agree with?
A Sometimes it's because that information isn't true. The other thing is it's sort of a narcotic.
Q So how do we improve?
A Go local, stick to the sources that are closest to you ... that's your family and your friends, first and foremost, and it's your local news sources.
The second thing, I call it being an "infovegan." It's avoiding that processed stuff and learning to use the same source material that the media does. The Internet has made that stuff available. Instead of watching Fox News' coverage of the health care debates, watch the health care debates.
And the one piece of universal advice is to measure your (information) intake. Just like keeping a food journal, keeping an information diet diary can help you build a healthy framework for information consumption. When I first started, I was shocked with the amount of time I was spending watching television.
Q Where do you stand on the use of social media?
A I wouldn't know that my second cousin had a baby if it weren't for Facebook. There is a ton of healthy information on Facebook and Twitter. The key here is to be conscious about it, and be aware that your attention is a currency that these services are trying to get.
Q What are the consequences of consuming information poorly?
A Your information diet is not just about your own physical and mental health; it's an ethical decision that affects other people. So when you look at the Huffington Post, for example, the articles at the bottom of the page that get a lot of clicks start to float up to the top. So (if) you are watching that Kim Kardashian video, you and other people like you are making it more probable that that video will get attention. The unspoken pact between producers and consumers is that people are asking for junk, and large companies are providing them with it.
Q Any hope of changing that cycle?
A If enough of us generate enough demand for high-quality content that is transparent for its readers and empowers readers to go to sources ... then we will force the market to follow.
Q What habits did you change since you began researching the book?
A I canceled cable. I get the TV shows I want to see from Hulu or Netflix. There is no sitting down in front of the TV with stuff streaming at you until the day is gone.
1. 3 potential ethical issues:
- There would be various perspectives present that could lead to high degrees of bias because anyone is allowed to join the groups.
- Limited control over the posts that people decide to present themselves with.
- It can be hard to promise confidentiality in what the individuals would post themselves.
2. Some advantages of getting informed consent in this situation is that of having the individuals focused in posting about the specific theme of the page. Also, the ethics of the research would be reviewed and approved. Disadvantages include participants opting out in wanting to post on the pages, as well as posting in ways they would want to be seen by others that might not demonstrate their true belief.
3. Potential harm for this research includes participants exposing their opinions that would face responds and posts from others. Also, since anyone can join, there can be little focus on what is being talked about in the groups that might seem to be deviating from it being a car club.
Ethical Issues:
1. You are technically spying on those people without their permission or consent by looking through their pages.
2. People have the ability to easily lie or hide their credibility over the internet, so you are not necessary examine how they truly represent themselves.
3. Also, you can misrepresent or misunderstand the person you are doing research on because your values and morals may be different to theirs.
Advantages/Disadvantages:
2. The advantage of getting consent is that you will be given permission to do your research and you can examine how they represent themselves without worrying about crossing the line of privacy issues if these people are willing to be part of the study. However, the disadvantage would be that if people know they are being examined they can easily lie or act differently. They could start acting the way they assume you would want them to act instead of being who they really are, so your research could probably end up being incorrect. You are not getting the “real deal.”
Potential Harm:
3. Yes, there is potential harm. Public vs. privacy space is a real sensitive topic. People could become upset that you are spying on them without permission. Also, people could get angry if you take what they say out of context and share their personal information as your “research.” Everyone’s morals are different; it is never good to assume that they will be okay and willing for your study.
Ethical issues:
1. You do not have permission to study these people.
2. You are entering into their private space if you go onto their Facebook page.
3. The information you find on their websites may not be accurate.
Advantages and Disadvantages of informed consent
The disadvantage of getting the informed consent is that you will not be able to collect your research while people are involved in their normal lives. If you tell the other club members about your research project they could refuse to be studied or alter the information they give you while the study is going on. The advantage of the informed consent is that it allows for the researcher to be more thorough with the research as the people being researched may willingly share information and there won’t be as many ethical dilemmas about what is and is not appropriate to share.
Potential Harm
There is certainly a potential harm. Once the researcher begins to look at the portrayed lives of the other members of the club he may see what they do not want other club members to know. If the researcher begins to write or tell about what he has found he could ruin reputations as well as lose respect from other members of the club himself. In this case, it would be better to tell people they are being studied.
Laurel Marshall
(I had this posted on the other page - I just copy and pasted it to this page.)
3 Potential Ethical Issues:
1. People can fabricate who they really are online to try and impress others online. Might put up a picture of them from 20 years ago to try and get a date.
2. Getting consent would be tricky and how exactly would I go about getting permission? Or if its from a facebook its okay to use info from that.
3. I would also find myself second guessing the credibility of my information.
Advantages and Disadvantages:
The disadvantages could be that once people find out you are wanting or going to use them to do research, the way they act could totally change and my research would be compromised.
Potential Harm
I don't believe there could be too much harm as long as I was honest in my doings and the way i went about researching. I wouldnt ask too private of info or try to make anyone feel uncomfortable.
Ethical Issues
1.People can portray themselves to be someone that they most definitely are not online much easier than if you were face to face with that same person, thus leading to inaccurate information for the research.
2.When a great deal of these subjected individuals post private information about themselves they assume a certain level of privacy and by using this information for research some might say it could be considered unethical.
3.Finally, what your perception is of what is posted might be completely different from what was intended. Reason being, that you might have a completely different set of norms and values than the person that you are doing the research on.
Advantages
The advantages of getting consent to do the research would be the ability to have a guilt free conscious for doing the study. Not to mention that when you do the study there will be no confusion for the person being researched, not leaving them wondering why you are asking personal questions.
Disadvantages
One huge disadvantage for asking would be that by asking the person and letting them know they may act differently not giving accurate research information. Another disadvantage would be that you might be kicked out of the group for asking to do research on them.
Harm in the study
There most definitely could be some harm in the study of this sort, because you might report something on someone that is true, but damages a persons self-confidence.
Andy Powers
3 potential ethical issues
1.The first potential for an ethical issue that I may come a crossed could possibly be that the information that I was given maybe different based on whether or not the group knows that I am observing them.
2. The second potential for an ethical issue is if I don’t tell the group and they give me access to their accounts such as Facebook.
3. The third potential for an ethical issue I may miss use that information than the way they indented for their post to be used and I may misconstrue information.
Advantages
1. By not telling them as a researcher, I will get a more authentic feel of the group.
2. They group may take me in as one of them and I would be able to truly understand the dynamics of the group and structure.
Disadvantages
1. I maybe will have group members that feel betrayed.
2. By telling them prior I will not get a truth.
Is there potential harm in such a study?
I like to put myself in others shoes, and I would think that I would want to know if I was being observed, I know that my response may change but I would feel violated if it was done behind my back. On the other hand I know for certain that I would refrain from saying things if I knew it was going to be documented and this would jeopardize the observation.
Shannon Arriaga
Potential Ethical Issues
1. People can portray themselves as someone different online than who they really are in reality.
2. The information that I receive can potentially be misused by me.
3. People post private information about their lives all the time, and by using that towards my research can prove to be unethical.
An advantage would be if I tell the person and get permission from them to use their information, it gives me full disclosure to use the information guilt free in my research.
A major disadvantage would be that if I were to tell them that I could make them paranoid and give me false information which leads to false research data.
Potential Harm
Potential harm can exist since something can be said in the research that can hurt the person emotionally and/or psychologically. If it were me that this happened to I would also have the feeling of being violated and not able to trust anybody anymore.
Michael Wilkerson
3 Potential Ethical Issues
1. The members of this group might behave differently if they knew that a researcher is observing them.
2. Should I or Shouldn't I tell them that I am studying their behavior? While it is a public forum and anyone can join, it would be unethical of me to join this group and observe their online interactions without their knowledge. It's a breach on their privacy.
3. How familiar am I to the social norms of the group? It is easy for a researcher to misconstrue the language and or coding if they are not familiar with the social norm within the group.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Being able to join an open group and observe is an advantage and a disadvantage. Anyone can join the group. I'm certain that while there are members who are in the group solely because of their interests in cars, there might be other members who joined just for show...ie, they aren't really interested, nor are they contributing.
Potential Harm
If I were to join this group with the intent of making everyone know that I'm a researcher, I find that the potential harm lies in the credibility and the quality of data I will collect. The participants might change their behavior if they knew that someone is observing.
Ethical Issues
1. If they join, they gave me access to their Facebook accounts without me even asking.
2. If you go on Facebook, you would be surprised how many people post their address and other personal information. If I used this information in my research, it could hurt them.
3. People lie all the time online. You never know if the people you are getting research from are just making themselves seem like a better person.
Advantages & Disadvantages
An advantage would be: if I did not tell them I was going to be observing them, I would probably be able to get better information.
A disadvantage would be if I did tell them, they would probably give me fake or maybe bend the truth a little. They might even just hold off on a lot of information I could have potentially received.
Potential Harm
If I knew I was going to be observed and documented, I would refrain from saying a lot of personal things. I honestly do not want my information out there for the benefit of the observers. I am sure many others would feel the same way.
1.) Most likely if your examining how people represent themselves, it's most likely anonymous and unethical.
2.) Using user information for research purposes outside of the car club is unethical.
3.) Personal information is being distributed
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages of getting informed consent is that there wont be any potential lawsuits. The disadvantages are that you wont be able to examine people in their "natural habitat" so to speak. When people know they are being evaluated they tend to act a certain way than if everything was candid.
Potential harm:
Yes there is potential harm to such a study because if someone doesn't want certain information disclosed and you put it out there in your case study than it potentially can ruin reputations. Not only will reputations be affected, but there could be potential lawsuits. It's difficult to keep the study factual as well.
Ethical Issues:
1. Personal info of members can be accessed and sold.
2. Private info posted on Facebook can be used in my research without consent.
3. The info on their Facebook page may not be correct, as they can present themselves however they want.
Advantage: Informed consent provides a safe haven for the researcher, disallowing potential lawsuits.
Disadvantage: False information could potentially be provided.
Harm: This could be a problem. If there was a possibility I was going to be documented, I would probably not act natural or normal, but rather how I "should" act. The same can be said for a lot of people.
Ethical Issues:
1.) There's the possibility that people have no intent of joining the club for the reason being and just feel like spying.
2.) These people would try to garner and look at other people's private information once they get to know them and add them as a friend on facebook.
3.) With giving people access to these social networks they can possibly gather the personal information we put out through the internet and use it towards unintentional ideas like sending spam emails or unnecessary messages.
Advantage: If given informed consent then there would be no problems in doing research within the group
Disadvantage: Because they gave us their consent there is the possibility of falsifying their statements and they can possible be hiding valuable information
There is potential harm because when a study given to certain groups, there is a reputation on the line because the way our may be represented through the certain study will identify the perception of the car club in the future.
Etical issues:
1.The car club may put some of your personal information out and if anyone can join these groups then anyone has access to your personal information.
2.There was no consent given by the members of this car club for letting outsiders in the know about their moves.
3. If people did give consent then you run the risk of getting information that’s not totally true since they know that they’re being watched.
Some disadvantages could be people acting out of the norm to seem in their perception in a better view.
Some advantages are that researchers know that they aren’t violating any ethics codes because people gave their consent. Also people may be more willing to share their information with you since they know about the research.
There is definitely a potential for harm because researchers may release information that people did not want to be published and that could lead to potential harm with the club, jobs, loved ones, etc..
You don't have permission to comment on this page.
Comments (14)
Jose Molina said
at 1:32 am on Feb 1, 2012
1. 3 potential ethical issues:
- There would be various perspectives present that could lead to high degrees of bias because anyone is allowed to join the groups.
- Limited control over the posts that people decide to present themselves with.
- It can be hard to promise confidentiality in what the individuals would post themselves.
2. Some advantages of getting informed consent in this situation is that of having the individuals focused in posting about the specific theme of the page. Also, the ethics of the research would be reviewed and approved. Disadvantages include participants opting out in wanting to post on the pages, as well as posting in ways they would want to be seen by others that might not demonstrate their true belief.
3. Potential harm for this research includes participants exposing their opinions that would face responds and posts from others. Also, since anyone can join, there can be little focus on what is being talked about in the groups that might seem to be deviating from it being a car club.
Sofia Cruz said
at 6:25 pm on Feb 2, 2012
Ethical Issues:
1. You are technically spying on those people without their permission or consent by looking through their pages.
2. People have the ability to easily lie or hide their credibility over the internet, so you are not necessary examine how they truly represent themselves.
3. Also, you can misrepresent or misunderstand the person you are doing research on because your values and morals may be different to theirs.
Advantages/Disadvantages:
2. The advantage of getting consent is that you will be given permission to do your research and you can examine how they represent themselves without worrying about crossing the line of privacy issues if these people are willing to be part of the study. However, the disadvantage would be that if people know they are being examined they can easily lie or act differently. They could start acting the way they assume you would want them to act instead of being who they really are, so your research could probably end up being incorrect. You are not getting the “real deal.”
Potential Harm:
3. Yes, there is potential harm. Public vs. privacy space is a real sensitive topic. People could become upset that you are spying on them without permission. Also, people could get angry if you take what they say out of context and share their personal information as your “research.” Everyone’s morals are different; it is never good to assume that they will be okay and willing for your study.
(copyed and pasted from other page)
Laurel Marshall said
at 12:23 am on Feb 3, 2012
Ethical issues:
1. You do not have permission to study these people.
2. You are entering into their private space if you go onto their Facebook page.
3. The information you find on their websites may not be accurate.
Advantages and Disadvantages of informed consent
The disadvantage of getting the informed consent is that you will not be able to collect your research while people are involved in their normal lives. If you tell the other club members about your research project they could refuse to be studied or alter the information they give you while the study is going on. The advantage of the informed consent is that it allows for the researcher to be more thorough with the research as the people being researched may willingly share information and there won’t be as many ethical dilemmas about what is and is not appropriate to share.
Potential Harm
There is certainly a potential harm. Once the researcher begins to look at the portrayed lives of the other members of the club he may see what they do not want other club members to know. If the researcher begins to write or tell about what he has found he could ruin reputations as well as lose respect from other members of the club himself. In this case, it would be better to tell people they are being studied.
Laurel Marshall
(I had this posted on the other page - I just copy and pasted it to this page.)
Emily Mello said
at 9:34 pm on Feb 4, 2012
3 Potential Ethical Issues:
1. People can fabricate who they really are online to try and impress others online. Might put up a picture of them from 20 years ago to try and get a date.
2. Getting consent would be tricky and how exactly would I go about getting permission? Or if its from a facebook its okay to use info from that.
3. I would also find myself second guessing the credibility of my information.
Advantages and Disadvantages:
The disadvantages could be that once people find out you are wanting or going to use them to do research, the way they act could totally change and my research would be compromised.
Potential Harm
I don't believe there could be too much harm as long as I was honest in my doings and the way i went about researching. I wouldnt ask too private of info or try to make anyone feel uncomfortable.
Emily Mello
andys.powers said
at 7:10 pm on Feb 5, 2012
Ethical Issues
1.People can portray themselves to be someone that they most definitely are not online much easier than if you were face to face with that same person, thus leading to inaccurate information for the research.
2.When a great deal of these subjected individuals post private information about themselves they assume a certain level of privacy and by using this information for research some might say it could be considered unethical.
3.Finally, what your perception is of what is posted might be completely different from what was intended. Reason being, that you might have a completely different set of norms and values than the person that you are doing the research on.
Advantages
The advantages of getting consent to do the research would be the ability to have a guilt free conscious for doing the study. Not to mention that when you do the study there will be no confusion for the person being researched, not leaving them wondering why you are asking personal questions.
Disadvantages
One huge disadvantage for asking would be that by asking the person and letting them know they may act differently not giving accurate research information. Another disadvantage would be that you might be kicked out of the group for asking to do research on them.
Harm in the study
There most definitely could be some harm in the study of this sort, because you might report something on someone that is true, but damages a persons self-confidence.
Andy Powers
Shannon arriaga said
at 1:37 am on Feb 6, 2012
3 potential ethical issues
1.The first potential for an ethical issue that I may come a crossed could possibly be that the information that I was given maybe different based on whether or not the group knows that I am observing them.
2. The second potential for an ethical issue is if I don’t tell the group and they give me access to their accounts such as Facebook.
3. The third potential for an ethical issue I may miss use that information than the way they indented for their post to be used and I may misconstrue information.
Advantages
1. By not telling them as a researcher, I will get a more authentic feel of the group.
2. They group may take me in as one of them and I would be able to truly understand the dynamics of the group and structure.
Disadvantages
1. I maybe will have group members that feel betrayed.
2. By telling them prior I will not get a truth.
Is there potential harm in such a study?
I like to put myself in others shoes, and I would think that I would want to know if I was being observed, I know that my response may change but I would feel violated if it was done behind my back. On the other hand I know for certain that I would refrain from saying things if I knew it was going to be documented and this would jeopardize the observation.
Shannon Arriaga
Michael Wilkerson said
at 1:19 pm on Feb 7, 2012
Potential Ethical Issues
1. People can portray themselves as someone different online than who they really are in reality.
2. The information that I receive can potentially be misused by me.
3. People post private information about their lives all the time, and by using that towards my research can prove to be unethical.
An advantage would be if I tell the person and get permission from them to use their information, it gives me full disclosure to use the information guilt free in my research.
A major disadvantage would be that if I were to tell them that I could make them paranoid and give me false information which leads to false research data.
Potential Harm
Potential harm can exist since something can be said in the research that can hurt the person emotionally and/or psychologically. If it were me that this happened to I would also have the feeling of being violated and not able to trust anybody anymore.
Michael Wilkerson
dannah.sanchez said
at 11:23 pm on Feb 7, 2012
3 Potential Ethical Issues
1. The members of this group might behave differently if they knew that a researcher is observing them.
2. Should I or Shouldn't I tell them that I am studying their behavior? While it is a public forum and anyone can join, it would be unethical of me to join this group and observe their online interactions without their knowledge. It's a breach on their privacy.
3. How familiar am I to the social norms of the group? It is easy for a researcher to misconstrue the language and or coding if they are not familiar with the social norm within the group.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Being able to join an open group and observe is an advantage and a disadvantage. Anyone can join the group. I'm certain that while there are members who are in the group solely because of their interests in cars, there might be other members who joined just for show...ie, they aren't really interested, nor are they contributing.
Potential Harm
If I were to join this group with the intent of making everyone know that I'm a researcher, I find that the potential harm lies in the credibility and the quality of data I will collect. The participants might change their behavior if they knew that someone is observing.
Brian Toback said
at 5:52 pm on Feb 8, 2012
Ethical Issues
1. If they join, they gave me access to their Facebook accounts without me even asking.
2. If you go on Facebook, you would be surprised how many people post their address and other personal information. If I used this information in my research, it could hurt them.
3. People lie all the time online. You never know if the people you are getting research from are just making themselves seem like a better person.
Advantages & Disadvantages
An advantage would be: if I did not tell them I was going to be observing them, I would probably be able to get better information.
A disadvantage would be if I did tell them, they would probably give me fake or maybe bend the truth a little. They might even just hold off on a lot of information I could have potentially received.
Potential Harm
If I knew I was going to be observed and documented, I would refrain from saying a lot of personal things. I honestly do not want my information out there for the benefit of the observers. I am sure many others would feel the same way.
michael sheng said
at 1:41 am on Feb 9, 2012
Ethical Issues:
1.) Most likely if your examining how people represent themselves, it's most likely anonymous and unethical.
2.) Using user information for research purposes outside of the car club is unethical.
3.) Personal information is being distributed
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages of getting informed consent is that there wont be any potential lawsuits. The disadvantages are that you wont be able to examine people in their "natural habitat" so to speak. When people know they are being evaluated they tend to act a certain way than if everything was candid.
Potential harm:
Yes there is potential harm to such a study because if someone doesn't want certain information disclosed and you put it out there in your case study than it potentially can ruin reputations. Not only will reputations be affected, but there could be potential lawsuits. It's difficult to keep the study factual as well.
maxbunag@gmail.com said
at 1:53 am on Feb 9, 2012
Max Bunag
Ethical Issues:
1. Personal info of members can be accessed and sold.
2. Private info posted on Facebook can be used in my research without consent.
3. The info on their Facebook page may not be correct, as they can present themselves however they want.
Advantage: Informed consent provides a safe haven for the researcher, disallowing potential lawsuits.
Disadvantage: False information could potentially be provided.
Harm: This could be a problem. If there was a possibility I was going to be documented, I would probably not act natural or normal, but rather how I "should" act. The same can be said for a lot of people.
Ansel Modesto said
at 10:33 am on Feb 9, 2012
Ethical Issues:
1.) There's the possibility that people have no intent of joining the club for the reason being and just feel like spying.
2.) These people would try to garner and look at other people's private information once they get to know them and add them as a friend on facebook.
3.) With giving people access to these social networks they can possibly gather the personal information we put out through the internet and use it towards unintentional ideas like sending spam emails or unnecessary messages.
Advantage: If given informed consent then there would be no problems in doing research within the group
Disadvantage: Because they gave us their consent there is the possibility of falsifying their statements and they can possible be hiding valuable information
There is potential harm because when a study given to certain groups, there is a reputation on the line because the way our may be represented through the certain study will identify the perception of the car club in the future.
terrance foster said
at 2:42 am on Feb 12, 2012
terrance foster said
at 2:44 am on Feb 12, 2012
Etical issues:
1.The car club may put some of your personal information out and if anyone can join these groups then anyone has access to your personal information.
2.There was no consent given by the members of this car club for letting outsiders in the know about their moves.
3. If people did give consent then you run the risk of getting information that’s not totally true since they know that they’re being watched.
Some disadvantages could be people acting out of the norm to seem in their perception in a better view.
Some advantages are that researchers know that they aren’t violating any ethics codes because people gave their consent. Also people may be more willing to share their information with you since they know about the research.
There is definitely a potential for harm because researchers may release information that people did not want to be published and that could lead to potential harm with the club, jobs, loved ones, etc..
You don't have permission to comment on this page.